Linux commands are case sensitive, it means ls is different from LS
Windows -> In Windows we create the folder and inside folder we can save the files
Linux -> Same way In Linux we create the directory and save the files
Windows -> folder
Linux -> Directory
Clear: By help of this command we can clear the screen.
Note: All Linux commands are lower case only.
1. mkdir command : (make directory) This command is used to create a directory
Syntax: mkdir directory_name
Example:
mkdir July23rd2022
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-38-72 ~]$ mkdir july25th2022
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-38-72 ~]$ ls
Ansar Basha July23rd2022 july25th2022
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-38-72 ~]$
We can create multiple directories
Example:
mkdir dir1 dir2 dir3
Options or flag:
-p
-v
-m
-p -> we can create parent directory by using -p option
mkdir -p Test1/Test2/Test3 -> Hit the enter button in keyboard
-v -> verbos -> Display the information while creating directory
mkdir -v sample
mkdir: created directory ‘sample’
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ mkdir ansar
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ mkdir -v Ram
mkdir: created directory ‘Ram’
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ mkdir -pv t1/t2/t3
mkdir: created directory ‘t1’
mkdir: created directory ‘t1/t2’
mkdir: created directory ‘t1/t2/t3’
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$
-m -> mode -> We can create the directory with specific permission
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ mkdir -m 777 mydir
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ ls -l
drwxrwxrwx. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 5 15:16 mydir
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$
2. rmdir command : ( Remove Directory ): By help this command we can Delete/remove the empty directories only.
Syntax: rmdir directory_name
ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ ls
ansar Jan5th2023 mydir Ram t1 Test1
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ rmdir ansar -> This command will delete the empty directory
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ ls
Jan5th2023 mydir Ram t1 Test1
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ rmdir Test1
rmdir: failed to remove ‘Test1’: Directory not empty
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$
3. rm command : By help this command we can remove/delete the files and directories empty or non-empty
Syntax: rm -rf directory_name
Options:
r – recursivily
f – forcefully
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ rm mydir
rm: cannot remove ‘mydir’: Is a directory
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ rm -rf mydir/
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ rmdir Test1/
rmdir: failed to remove ‘Test1/’: Directory not empty
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ rm -rf Test1/
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ ls -l
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 5 ec2-user ec2-user 43 Jan 5 14:59 Jan5th2023
drwxr-xr-x. 3 ec2-user ec2-user 16 Jan 5 15:13 t1
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$
4. tree command : By help of this command we can display the directory as a tree like structure
How to install the package of a tree command?
Yum install tree -> By using this command we can install the package.
YUM -> Yellow dog Updater, Modified
We have two users:
Normal user -> Less Privileges (permissions)
Admin user -> More Privileges (permissions)
In windows Admin user -> In Linux we called the root user
$ -> Means normal user
-> Means admin/root user
How to login as a root user?
sudo su –
sudo -> super user do
su -> switch user
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ sudo su –
Last login: Thu Jan 5 15:05:19 UTC 2023 on pts/0
[root@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]# exit
logout
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$
Exit -> come out from root user.
5. pwd command : (present or current working directory ) :This command will display the present working directory
Syntax : pwd
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ pwd
/home/ec2-user
6.cd command (change directory) : To change directory we use the cd command
Syntax: cd Directory_name
~ -> user home directory
cd .. -> One step back
cd ../.. -> Two steps back
cd ~ or cd -> It will take to us to user home directory
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ pwd
/home/ec2-user
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ ls ( it list the all directories )
Jan5th2023 t1
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ cd t1
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 t1]$ ls
t2
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 t1]$ cd t2
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 t2]$ ls
t3
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 t2]$ cd t3
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 t3]$ ls
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 t3]$ pwd
/home/ec2-user/t1/t2/t3
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 t3]$ mkdir t4
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 t3]$ cd t4
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 t4]$ pwd
/home/ec2-user/t1/t2/t3/t4
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 t4]$ cd ~
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ pwd
/home/ec2-user
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ cd
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ cd /home/ec2-user/t1/t2/t3/t4
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 t4]$ pwd
/home/ec2-user/t1/t2/t3/t4
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 t4]$
7. ls command : ls command will lists the files/directories in a current/present working directory only.
Syntax: ls or ls filename
ls directory_name -> it will display all files or directories in side mention dirctory
options:
l -> list the long format
a -> all files
. or .. are hidden files
Example : .bashrc .ansar
i -> inode number
inode is Data structure, it will store file information. size of the file, file creation date and time and it won’t store the file name.
t -> time stamp -> combination of date and time
r -> reverse
-l option:
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ ls
Jan5th2023 t1
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ ls -l
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 6 ec2-user ec2-user 56 Jan 6 15:05 Jan5th2023
drwxr-xr-x. 3 ec2-user ec2-user 16 Jan 5 15:13 t1
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ ls Jan5th2023/
Bindu dir1 dir2 mydir
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$
-a option:
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ ls -a
. .. .bash_logout .bash_profile .bashrc Jan5th2023 .ssh t1
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ ls -la
total 12
drwx——. 5 ec2-user ec2-user 116 Jan 6 15:31 .
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 22 Jan 4 14:56 ..
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jan 6 15:31 .ansar
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 18 Aug 8 13:07 .bash_logout
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 141 Aug 8 13:07 .bash_profile
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 492 Aug 8 13:07 .bashrc
drwxr-xr-x. 6 ec2-user ec2-user 56 Jan 6 15:05 Jan5th2023
drwx——. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 29 Jan 4 14:56 .ssh
drwxr-xr-x. 3 ec2-user ec2-user 16 Jan 5 15:13 t1
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$
-i option:
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ ls -li
total 0
8399788 drwxr-xr-x. 6 ec2-user ec2-user 56 Jan 6 15:05 Jan5th2023
17383424 drwxr-xr-x. 3 ec2-user ec2-user 16 Jan 5 15:13 t1
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$
-t option:
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ ls -l
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:37 a
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:37 b
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:37 c
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:37 d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:37 e
drwxr-xr-x. 6 ec2-user ec2-user 56 Jan 6 15:05 Jan5th2023
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:38 n
drwxr-xr-x. 3 ec2-user ec2-user 16 Jan 5 15:13 t1
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:40 zam
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ ls -lt
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:40 zam
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:38 n
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:37 a
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:37 b
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:37 c
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:37 d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:37 e
drwxr-xr-x. 6 ec2-user ec2-user 56 Jan 6 15:05 Jan5th2023
drwxr-xr-x. 3 ec2-user ec2-user 16 Jan 5 15:13 t1
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ ls -lr
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:40 zam
drwxr-xr-x. 3 ec2-user ec2-user 16 Jan 5 15:13 t1
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:38 n
drwxr-xr-x. 6 ec2-user ec2-user 56 Jan 6 15:05 Jan5th2023
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:37 e
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:37 d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:37 c
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:37 b
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:37 a
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$ ls -ltr
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 3 ec2-user ec2-user 16 Jan 5 15:13 t1
drwxr-xr-x. 6 ec2-user ec2-user 56 Jan 6 15:05 Jan5th2023
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:37 e
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:37 d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:37 c
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:37 b
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:37 a
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:38 n
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:40 zam
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 ~]$
d rwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 6 Jan 6 15:37 a
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$ ls -l Jan9th2023
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 69 Jan 9 15:36 Jan9th2023
r -> Read Permission
w -> Write Permission
x -> Executeble Permission
– -> Normal file
d -> directory
l -> linkfile
ls -l -> long format
ls -lt -> latest file come first
ls -lr -> reverse
ls -ltr -> latest file come first and reverse
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-38-72 Linuxpractice]$ ls -ltr
total 4
drwxrwxr-x. 3 ec2-user ec2-user 15 Jul 26 15:55 unix
-rw-rw-r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 23 Jul 27 14:56 myfile
– rw-rw-r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jul 27 15:12 xyz.txt
– rw-rw-r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jul 27 15:17 abc
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-38-72 Linuxpractice]$
dir/file permissions group owner of file file creation time
d rwxrwxr-x. 3 ec2-user ec2-user 69 Jul 27 15:45 Linuxpractice
links owner size of the file file/dir name
drwxrwxr-x. -> dir/file permissions
3 -> links
ec2-user -> owner of file/dir
ec2-user -> group owner of file/dir
69 -> size of the file/dir
Jul 27 15:45 -> file/dir creation date and time
Linuxpractice -> file/dir name
R -> Read
W -> Write
x -> Executable
8. File creation and update commands:
cat
touch
vi editor
cat command : By help of the command we can create the file, open the file and to add the data existing file
Syntax for creating file: cat > filename
cat > filename
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$ cat > Jan9th2023
Hi Guys,
Linux is very easy if you practice every day
Syntax for to open the file: cat filename or cat < filename
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$ cat Jan9th2023
Hi Guys,
Linux is very easy if you practice every day
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$ cat < Jan9th2023
Hi Guys,
Linux is very easy if you practice every day
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$
Syntax to add the existing file: cat >> filename
Example:
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$ cat >> Jan9th2023
Hello guys
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$ cat Jan9th2023
Hi Guys,
Linux is very easy if you practice every day
Hello guys
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$
touch: By help of touch command we can create the empty files.
Note: if we touch existing file it will update the time stamp of the file
Syntax:
touch filename
Syntax for Multiple file creation:
touch file1 file2 file3 -> create the multiple files.
touch {a..z } -> Multiple creation
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$ touch Jan9th2023_1 -> Single file creation
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$ ls -l
total 4
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 54 Jan 9 15:21 Jan9th2023
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jan 9 15:26 Jan9th2023_1
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$ ls -l Jan9th2023_1
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jan 9 15:26 Jan9th2023_1
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$ touch t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 -> Multiple file creation
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$ ls -l
total 4
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 54 Jan 9 15:21 Jan9th2023
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jan 9 15:26 Jan9th2023_1
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jan 9 15:28 t1
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jan 9 15:28 t2
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jan 9 15:28 t3
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jan 9 15:28 t4
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jan 9 15:28 t5
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$ touch {a..z} -> It will create 26 files
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$ touch {1..1000} -> It will create 1000 files
Note: If we touch the existing file, the file time stamp will update.
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$ ls -l Jan9th2023
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 69 Jan 9 15:36 Jan9th2023
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$ touch Jan9th2023
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$ ls -l Jan9th2023
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 69 Jan 9 15:43 Jan9th2023
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$
vi editor: we can create the files ,open the files as well and delete the content in a file
In vi editor we have two modes
1.Command mode
2.Insert mode
Syntax: vi filename
How to create the file in vi editor?
vi file_name
file is opend in command mode only
then we have press i button in keyboard it will take to us Insert mode
Allow to enter the data in file
press esc button in keyboard
shift:wq
w – save
q- quit
step1: vi filename
step2: command mode
step3: Press I button in key board -> Insert mode
step4: Enter the data in a file
step5: Press Esc
step6: shift+:wq
echo $?: By help of this commands we can check previous command or script ran successfully or not
0 means -> success
morethan 0 means -> un-success
touch {a..z} -> It will creat the 26 files
touch {1..7}
rm : By help this command we can remove files/directories dirs.
we can remove/delete the multiple files aswell.
r – recursivily
f – forcefully
rm {a..z} -> It will delete the all 26 files
rm {1..7} -> It will delete the all 7 files
rm -rf a* -> letter a starts Files will deleted
rm -rf ? -> It will delete the single name file
rm -rf f* -> It will delete all files start with f
Wildcards:
- -> Anyting or multiple characters
? -> Single character
rm {a..f}
rm {a..z} -> we can remove the all files from a to z
rm *.txt -> to remove .txt files
rm ??? -> It will delete 3 characters file
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-38-72 Linuxpractice]$ rm -rf a*
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-38-72 Linuxpractice]$ ls -l
total 8
-rw-rw-r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jul 28 15:25 file1.csv
-rw-rw-r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jul 28 15:26 file2.txt
-rw-rw-r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 19 Jul 28 15:43 firstfile.txt
-rw-rw-r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jul 29 14:49 name1
-rw-rw-r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jul 29 14:49 name2
-rw-rw-r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jul 29 14:49 name3
-rw-rw-r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 23 Jul 28 15:31 xyz.txt
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-38-72 Linuxpractice]$ rm -rf *.txt
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-38-72 Linuxpractice]$ ls -l
total 0
-rw-rw-r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jul 28 15:25 file1.csv
-rw-rw-r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jul 29 14:49 name1
-rw-rw-r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jul 29 14:49 name2
-rw-rw-r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jul 29 14:49 name3
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-38-72 Linuxpractice]$
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-38-72 Linuxpractice]$ ls -l
total 0
-rw-rw-r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jul 28 15:25 file1.csv
-rw-rw-r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jul 29 14:49 name1
-rw-rw-r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jul 29 14:49 name2
-rw-rw-r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jul 29 14:49 name3
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-38-72 Linuxpractice]$ rm -rf n????
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-38-72 Linuxpractice]$ ls -l
total 0
-rw-rw-r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jul 28 15:25 file1.csv
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-38-72 Linuxpractice]$
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$ ls -l
total 4
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jan 11 15:31 abc.txt
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jan 11 15:29 b.java
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jan 11 15:29 c.csv
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jan 11 15:29 d.xlsx
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 69 Jan 9 15:43 Jan9th2023
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jan 9 15:26 Jan9th2023_1
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jan 11 15:33 xyz
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$ rm -rf ???
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$ rm -rf ???.txt
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$ ls -lrt
total 4
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jan 9 15:26 Jan9th2023_1
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 69 Jan 9 15:43 Jan9th2023
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jan 11 15:29 b.java
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jan 11 15:29 d.xlsx
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jan 11 15:29 c.csv
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$
cp command : copy the files from one directory to other and we can copy the content/data of a file into other file
Syntax: cp filename directory_name
or cp /homedirectory/filename /homedirectory/directory_name or cp filename filename -> it will copy the data
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$ ls -l
total 4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ec2-user ec2-user 20 Jan 11 15:41 backup_data
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jan 11 15:29 b.java
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jan 11 15:29 c.csv
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jan 11 15:29 d.xlsx
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 69 Jan 9 15:43 Jan9th2023
-rw-r–r–. 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Jan 9 15:26 Jan9th2023_1
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$ pwd
/home/ec2-user/Linuxpractice
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$ cp /home/ec2-user/Linuxpractice/c.csv /home/ec2-user/Linuxpractice/backup_data/
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$ cd backup_data/
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 backup_data]$ ls
b.java c.csv
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 backup_data]$ cd ..
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$ cp d.xlsx backup_data/
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 Linuxpractice]$ cd backup_data/
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 backup_data]$ ls
b.java c.csv d.xlsx
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-45-39 backup_data]$